WOIPFG’s Investigative Report on the Alleged Organ Harvesting of Living Falun Gong Practitioners at Shanghai General Hospital and Its Staff Members Suspected of Participation
Preface
Shanghai General Hospital is one of the hospitals in the city that carries out the largest variety and number of organ transplants. The official website reported in 2016 that since 2001, the hospital has consistently maintained the third place nationwide in the total number of annual liver transplants. Dr. Li Wengang, the subject of a telephone investigation in 2017, said, “President Peng Zhihai has done more than 5,000 cases (liver transplants), and in previous years was able to do more than 400 cases per year. " When asked about the availability of Falun Gong donor in a telephone investigation in 2018, Peng Zhihai said, "No problem, no problem." In the broader context of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)'s state crime of organ harvesting from living donors, the hospital is suspected of participating in the crime of organ harvesting from living members of Falun Gong and other groups.
Hospital address: 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai City
Hospital Overview
The hospital is a tertiary level-A general hospital, and the venue of Shanghai Clinical Medical Center for Organ Transplantation and the Institute of Organ Transplantation of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The hospital branches out into two parts, Hongkou and Songjiang, covering an area of about 295,000 square meters. There are 4206 employees, including 570 with senior titles and 1411 with Master's degree or above. There are 1820 approved beds. There are 68 clinical tertiary disciplines and medical-technical disciplines in the two northern and southern parts.[1]
I. One of the hospitals with the most types and numbers of organ transplants in the city
In August 2001, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center for Organ Transplantation was established and affiliated with Shanghai General Hospital. The Center, which started out with kidney transplantation, was established on the basis of Shanghai Organ Transplantation Research Center and Shanghai Tissue Matching Center. The hospital claims to have carried out various kidney transplants, heart transplants, liver transplants, combined liver-kidney transplants, combined pancreas-kidney transplants, combined kidney-adult islet cell transplants and other substantial large organ transplants, corneal transplants, allogeneic finger transplants, as well as fetal islet cell transplants, bone marrow transplants, peripheral blood stem cell transplants and umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cell transplants, a total of twelve major types[2], and is one of the hospitals in the city carrying out the largest variety and number of organ transplants[3]. The Institute of Organ Transplantation of Shanghai Jiao Tong University is also located at Shanghai General Hospital[4]. The official website reported in 2016 that since 2001, the hospital has consistently maintained the third place nationwide in annual total number of liver transplants[5].
II. The hospital used eight spare donor organs for one kidney transplant
Tan Jianming, director of the Shanghai Organ Transplantation Research Center [6], performed a kidney transplant on a patient at Shanghai General Hospital in 2003. During the following two weeks, this patient and four kidneys were tested for blood and other matches. Due to the patient's antibody reaction, none of the kidneys were a match and as a result all four kidneys were taken away. The patient returned to this hospital about two months later. Four more kidneys were brought in for similar testing; when an eighth kidney proved to be a match, the transplant was completed successfully. Dr. Tan told the organ recipient that the eighth kidney was from a death row inmate.[7]
III. The organ transplantation center carries out emergency liver transplant with sufficient donor sources
In 2002, the first emergency liver transplant in Shanghai was performed, and in 2004, the first emergency blood group incompatible liver transplant in China was successfully performed to treat acute liver failure. 10 cases have been completed so far, among which 4 cases were the first internationally reported blood group incompatible active consecutive second transplant.[8]
IV. The team of liver and kidney transplant doctors is strong and the actual transplant volume is large.
The name list released by WOIPFG in 2014 includes the transplant doctors of the hospital.[9] About the doctors specialized in kidney transplantation alone, We were able to find from the official website and papers that 31 of them did do the surgery, including 9 chief physicians, 5 associate chief physicians and 17 others. For liver transplant doctors, we can find from the official websites and papers 26 of them who did do the surgery, including 6 chief physicians, 5 associate chief physicians, 5 attending physicians and 10 others. Multiple liver and kidney transplant teams can be formed.
Tan Jianming, director of the Shanghai Organ Transplantation Research Center.[10] Tan used eight kidneys for matching for a kidney transplant at Shanghai General Hospital in 2003.[11] Tan had performed more than 4,200 kidney transplants as of June 2014.[12]
Peng Zhihai was vice president of Shanghai General Hospital and director of the Shanghai Organ Transplant Center.[13] In April 2017, according to Li Wengang, a hepatobiliary surgeon at Xiamen No.174 Hospital, on a survey call, "Peng Zhihai from the transplant center at Shanghai Jiao Tong University has been here for a few days and is preparing for surgery at Xiamen University. President Peng Zhihai has done more than 5,000 cases (liver transplants) and was able to do more than 400 per year in previous years.[14]"
V. Large number of organ transplant beds
The Department of Urology, with 3 exclusive wards (1 ward in the hospital’s southern branch and 2 wards in the hospital’s northern branch), has a total of 126 general beds (38 in the southern branch and 88 in the northern branch) and 20 non-fixed beds in the hospital’s ICU, day ward and special needs ward of the International Medical Center. The department is a national clinical drug experimental base.[15] Kidney transplantation is the traditional strength of the urology department and is the core component of Shanghai Clinical Medical Center for Organ Transplantation (located in Shanghai General Hospital)[16].
The Department of General Surgery of Shanghai General Hospital is the organ transplantation center of Shanghai and the quality control center of liver transplantation of Shanghai . In recent years, the department with Prof. Peng Zhihai as its head, has carried out complex hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery in the era of liver transplantation, and established a liver cancer treatment system integrating liver descending treatment - liver resection - liver transplantation - salvage liver transplantation and formed a clinical standard. At present, the Department of General Surgery has 5 wards with 243 beds in two sub-departments in the north and south, with hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery, gastrointestinal surgery and breast and thyroid surgery under it[17].
VI. The hospital promotes liver transplantation to other medical units in Shanghai and across China
Shanghai General Hospital has promoted liver transplantation to other medical units in Shanghai as well as 11 provinces and 2 cities across China. The target units include: Renji Hospital of Shanghai Second Medical University, Xinhua Hospital of Shanghai Second Medical University, Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Second Medical University, Eastern Hospital of Shanghai Tongji University, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai Second Military Medical University, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital of Shanghai Second Military Medical University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Hospital of Shandong Medical University, Dongguan People's Hospital, Hospital of Jiangxi Medical University, Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Henan 153 Hospital, Wuxi Second People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, and the Hospital of Xi'an Medical University. Xi'an Medical University Hospital, Henan 153 Hospital, Jiangsu Wuxi Second People's Hospital, Fujian Medical University Hospital, Qinghai Medical College Hospital, Guizhou Dujun People's Hospital, Hunan Medical University Xiangya Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University Cancer Hospital.[18]
Meng Jianzhu, the Secretary of the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee, personally connected the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University with the Shanghai Organ Transplant Center (First People's Hospital) to establish a joint and collaborative relationship.[19] The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University had a record of completing six large organ transplants simultaneously in one day.[20]
VII. Doctors admitted organs used were from Falun Gong practitioners, and said that donors were available every day and were all living persons.
The following is a transcript of the conversation between a WOIPFG investigator and an anonymous doctor with the Liver Transplant Center of the First People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao TongUniversity in a telephone investigation.
Investigator: I wanted to know how long the waiting time will be?
Doctor: We have donors, we have them every day. We are doing it today.
Investigator: But aren’t you telling me the fresh ones will be used, the ones from living persons...
Doctor: They are all from living persons, they are all from living persons.
Investigator: There is one type that comes from those who practice qi gong. They have good healthy body.
Doctor: Yes, we have them.[21]
(Recording 1. Play and download MP3. See pdf3 for full transcript)
Here is another phone investigation dialogue between a WOIPFG investigator and Peng Zhihai, vice president of Shanghai General Hospital and director of the Organ Transplant Center.
Date of Investigation: November 16, 2018 (Tel: +86-13761010066)
Investigator: You are still using Falun Gong donors, the ones that are healthy, right?
Peng Zhihai: It's definitely healthy. How could unhealthy ones be used!
Investigator: The major thing is, you make sure that there is no doubt about the donor issue, the Falun Gong donor!
Peng Zhihai: No problem, no problem.
Peng’s personal profile: member of the Surgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Society, member at deputy director level of the General Surgery Branch of Shanghai Medical Society, member at deputy director level of the Hepatobiliary Diseases Branch of the China Association of International Exchange for the Promotion of Health Care, standing member of the Organ Transplantation Branch of the Chinese Medical Society, vice chairman of the Organ Transplantation Physicians Branch of the Chinese Physicians Association, member at director level of the First Session of the Professional Committee for Transplant Management of the Organ Transplantation Physicians Branch of the Chinese Physicians Association, deputy chief of liver transplantation team of Organ Transplantation Branch of the Chinese Medical Society, member at director level of the Organ Transplantation Society of Shanghai Medical Society, director of Shanghai Organ Transplantation Clinical Medical Center, director of Shanghai Organ Transplantation Research Center, director of Shanghai Liver Transplantation Quality Control Center, and director of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Organ Transplantation Institute.[22]
(Recording 2. Play and download MP3. See pdf 14 for full transcript)
VIII. The main responsible persons
SH1RMYY001 Tan Jianming
Titles: director of Transplantation Urology Department and director of Urology Research Department with Shanghai General Hospital; director of Shanghai Organ Transplantation Research Center and director of Shanghai Organ Transplantation Clinical Medical Center. He is also vice president of Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, director of Organ Transplantation Research Institute of Nanjing Military Region, and director of Urology Department of Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region. He enjoys a special government allowance from the State Council. He is a member of the Standing Committee of the Chinese Society of Organ Transplantation, a member of the Medical Science and Technology Committee of the People's Liberation Army, a member at deputy director level of the PLA Professional Committee of Urology, a member of the Standing Committee of the Medical Science Committee of Nanjing Military Region, a member at director level of the Professional Committee of Nanjing Military Region, and a member at deputy director level of the Organ Transplantation Branch and Urology Branch of the Chinese Medical Society of Fujian Province. He is a master, doctor and postdoctoral supervisor of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Second Military Medical University and Fujian Medical University.
Personal profile: Graduated from college in 1984, received a master's degree from the Fourth Military Medical University in 1989, received a doctorate in surgery from Shanghai Medical University in 1996, left the postdoctoral station of clinical medicine at West China Medical University in 1998, and went to the University of California Medical Center and the Tissue Matching Center in 1996, as a visiting scholar. Tan has performed more than 4,200 kidney transplants, completed 23 combined liver-kidney transplants, 9 combined pancreas-kidney transplants, 45 combined kidney-islet transplants, 1 combined liver-pancreas-kidney transplant, 786 combined kidney-stem cell transplants, and 1 combined kidney-islet-stem cell transplant.[23]
SH1RMYY002 Peng Zhihai
Titles: professor, physician at director level, doctoral supervisor, vice president of Shanghai General Hospital, director of Shanghai Organ Transplantation Center, director of Shanghai Liver Transplantation Quality Control Center, director of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Organ Institute, standing member of the Organ Transplantation Society of Chinese Medical Association, vice chairman of the Liver Transplantation Society of Chinese Medical Association, administrative director of Shanghai Medical Branch of Chinese Medical Association, member at director level of Shanghai Organ Transplantation Society, and a member at deputy director level of the Shanghai General Surgery Society. expert pool member of "863" project, expert in the preparation of national "11th Five-Year Plan" science and technology key support project guidelines, member of the Standing Committee of the Chinese Medical Association Organ Transplantation Society, member of the Chinese Medical Association Surgical Society, member at director level of the Shanghai Medical Association Organ Transplantation Society, member at deputy director level of the Society of General Surgery and the Society of Organ Transplantation of the Shanghai Medical Association.
Personal profile: Graduated from Tongji Medical University with a doctorate in 1993. In 1993 and 1995, he was promoted to associate chief physician, associate professor and chief physician. In 1996, he was transferred to Shanghai General Hospital as a talented person, and in 1998, he became the director of General Surgery of the First People's Hospital, and in 1999, he became the vice president of the hospital. He was appointed as the supervisor of master and doctoral students in 1995 and 2000 respectively, and was awarded the Austrian government scholarship to study at Graz University, Austria in 1996 and Mount Sinai Hospital, USA for organ transplantation study in 2000. He has performed over 800 liver transplants and combined organ transplants around 2015[24].
SH1RMYY003 Zhang Xianyou
Titles: Chief Physician and Professor of Urology Center
Personal profile: Graduated from Shanghai Medical University, started receiving special allowance from the State Council in 1993. He is mainly engaged in renal replacement (dialysis and transplantation) treatment.[25]
SH1RMYY004 Qiu Jianxin
Titles: Chief Physician and Professor of Urology.
Personal profile: Graduated from Shanghai Medical University with a doctorate degree in urology and went to UCLA in 2004 for further study in urology. He has long been engaged in the clinical work of kidney transplantation, specializing in kidney transplantation and postoperative follow-up with rich experience.[26]
SH1RMYY005 Fan Yu
Titles: Chief Physician and Professor of Urology. Director of Kidney Transplantation Department.
Personal profile: Graduated from Tongji Medical University with a master's degree in medicine. 1998, he studied at the Clinical Hospital of Hannover Medical School in Germany. He has accumulated rich experience in kidney transplantation, especially specializing in kidney transplantation and the diagnosis and treatment of urological tumors.[27]
SH1RMYY006 Shen Bing
Titles: Deputy Chief Physician of Urology
Personal profile: Graduated from Fudan University School of Medicine (formerly Shanghai Medical University) with a master’s degree in medicine. From 2007 to 2008, he studied at the University of Hamburg Medical School (UKE) in Germany. He specializes in kidney transplantation, including kidney transplantation using living relative’s organs, and the application of postoperative immunosuppressive drugs and management of complications.[28]
SH1RMYY007 Qin Yan
Title: Deputy Chief Physician of Urology
Personal profile: Graduated from Fudan University School of Medicine with a PhD in Nephrology in 2003, has been working in the Kidney Transplantation Department of the First People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University since July 2003, mainly engaged in preoperative evaluation of kidney transplantation, diagnosis and treatment of postoperative medical complications, and evaluation and preparation of relative kidney transplantation donors and recipients, has rich experience in medical complications such as pneumonia, chronic transplant nephropathy, rejection, immunosuppressant use, cardiac and cerebral complications, and urinary tract infections after kidney transplantation, and has accumulated extensive experience in the adjustment of immunosuppressive drugs and management of complications after kidney transplantation.[29]
SH1RMYY008 Liu Zhihong
Title: Deputy Chief Physician of Urology
Personal profile: Graduated from the former Shanghai Medical University in 1997. He specializes in kidney transplantation and postoperative adjustment of immunosuppressive drugs.[30]
SH1RMYY009 Xu Dongliang
Title: Deputy Chief Physician of Urology
Personal profile: Graduated from Fudan University School of Medicine in 2004 with a doctorate in Surgery. He specializes in kidney transplantation and other surgeries. [31]
SH1RMYY010 Guo Yifeng
Title: Chief Physician of Urology
Personal profile: Postdoctoral Fellow, Fudan University. He specializes in kidney transplantation, including kidney transplantation using living relative’s organ, and the application of postoperative immunosuppressive drugs and management of complications.[32]
SH1RMYY011 Liu Yong
Title: Chief Physician of Urology
Personal profile: Graduated from Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University (formerly Shanghai Medical University). He has long been engaged in clinical and scientific research of organ transplantation (kidney), and now mainly focuses on clinical and research work of transplantation immunity. He has accumulated rich experience in the adjustment of immunosuppressant and management of complications after kidney transplantation.[33]
SH1RMYY012 Tang Xiaoda
Titles: Chief Physician of Urology, professor, organ transplant Specialist. He was a member of the Standing Committee and member at deputy director level of the Chinese Society of Organ Transplantation. Now he is a member at director level of Chinese Dialysis Transplantation Research Society and a consultant of Shanghai Organ Transplantation Clinical Medical Center. He is the former president of West China Hospital of Sichuan University.
Personal profile: Specializes in organ transplantation, kidney transplantation and transplantation immunization.[34]
SH1RMYY013 Ling Guiming
Titles: Chief Physician, professor and supervisor for master’s degree students of Urology Department
Personal profile: Graduated from the Medical Department of Shanghai Medical University in 1969, has been working in the Department of Urology at Shanghai General Hospital since 1970, serving as a resident, attending physician, deputy chief physician, associate professor, chief physician and professor. For the past 30 years, he has been engaged in work in urology, blood dialysis, and kidney transplantation. He belongs to the first generation of medical workers in China to engage in clinical and research work in this field. [35]
SH1RMYY014 Chen Guoqing
Title: Chief Physician of General Surgery
Personal profile: Graduated from Shanghai Medical University. He now specializes in organ transplantation, including liver transplantation and combined transplantation of multiple organs, especially in perioperative management of organ transplantation, post-transplantation immunosuppressant application and post-surgical complication management.[36]
SH1RMYY015 Wang Zhaowen
Title: Deputy Chief Physician of General Surgery
Personal profile: Graduated from the Department of Clinical Medicine of Taishan Medical College in July 1994 with a bachelor's degree in medicine; started to work in the Department of General Surgery of the First People's Hospital in Tai’an, Shandong Province in September 1994; entered Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University (formerly Shanghai Medical University) in September 2000 to pursue his master's degree in surgery, and started his doctoral degree program ahead of schedule in September 2002, and received his medical doctorate in July 2005. He has been working in the First People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University since July 2005. His main areas of research are the prevention and treatment of complications following liver transplantation.[37]
SH1RMYY016 Xu Junming
Titles: Deputy director, chief physician, and professor at the Clinical Medical Center of General Surgery
Personal profile: Graduated from Zhejiang University in 2001 with a doctorate in Surgery and a postdoctoral fellowship from Fudan University School of Medicine. During 2007-2008, he was sponsored by China to study at UCLA Medical Center and obtained a temporary physician license in California to participate in a large number of organ transplant operations.
He is the chief surgeon for more than 300 liver transplants.[38]
SH1RMYY017 Zhong Lin
Titles: Chief physician and professor at the Organ Transplant Center of Shanghai Jiao TongUniversity and Shanghai Organ Transplant Institute; associate professor of General Surgery; and young member of Shanghai Organ Transplant Society
Personal profile: Graduated from Chongqing Medical University in 1996 with both bachelor and master’s degrees, stayed in the university after graduation for 4 years of work in vascular surgery. He pursued his doctorate in surgery at Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University from 2000 to 2003, and postdoctoral fellowship at the Organ Transplantation Center of Shanghai General Hospital from 2003 to 2005. In 2005 and 2006, he studied pancreas transplantation and living-donor liver transplantation at the University of Geneva Medical School in Switzerland and Chang Gung Hospital in Taiwan, respectively. From May 2008 to May 2009, he studied liver transplantation and transplantation immunology at Eppendorf Hospital, University of Hamburg, Germany under the YTT program of Shanghai Government.[39] Since 2003, he has been engaged in research and clinical work in liver transplantation, pancreas transplantation and combined abdominal organ transplantation.
He is mainly engaged in liver transplantation and abdominal large organ transplantation, and has performed 150 liver transplants, 1 combined pancreas-kidney transplant, 8 combined liver-kidney transplants and 10 liver re-transplants in the past three years.[40]
SH1RMYY018 Xing Tonghai
Title: Deputy chief physician of Liver Transplantation Unit
Personal profile: In 1994, he enrolled in a seven-year program of the Department of Clinical Medicine of Shanghai Medical University, and received his Master's degree in surgery in 2001. In the same year, he went on to the postgraduate department of Fudan University School of Medicine (formerly Shanghai Medical University) and graduated in July 2004 with a Doctor of Medicine degree in Surgery from Fudan University School of Medicine. He started working in the liver transplantation unit of the First People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 2003. During his doctoral studies, he was mainly engaged in the research of artificial liver in the perioperative application of liver transplantation, including the isolation of adult hepatocytes, large-scale culture, freezing and resuscitation, zoonosis research and the practical application of non-artificial liver research, and was responsible for the work of artificial liver and hemodialysis for liver transplantation, and engaged in the treatment of more than 50 cases and 200 patients with blood purification. Now he is in charge of ICU work in the ward.[41]
SH1RMYY019 Zhou Guangwen
Titles: Chief physician of General Surgery. Member of Shanghai Society of Organ Transplantation.
Personal profile: He worked in the Department of General Surgery at Shanghai Ruijin Hospital from 1996 to 2010, and was transferred to Shanghai General Hospital (south branch)in October 2010 to preside over the clinical work of hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery. In 2000, he studied in Pittsburgh Thomas E Starzl Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medical Center, USA. Returning from the United States, he performed the first split liver transplant, the first in situ assisted partial cadaveric liver transplant and living-donor liver transplant in China, which was one of the top ten medical news in China in 2002. On December 14, 2004, he participated as a key member in the first total abdominal organ transplant in Asia (7 organs in total).[42] He specializes in organ transplantation (liver transplantation and multivisceral transplantation).
SH1RMYY020 Sun Xing
Title: Deputy chief physician of General Surgery
Personal profile: Graduated from Wuhan Tongji Medical University in 1995 with a master's degree in clinical medicine. Upon graduation he started working in the Department of General Surgery of Wuhan Tongji Hospital under the supervision of Professor Chen Xiaoping and he conducted clinical diagnosis and treatment of hepatobiliary diseases for three years. At the end of 2001, he returned to Shanghai to conduct clinical and basic research on liver transplantation under the supervision of Professor Peng Zhihai at Shanghai General Hospital, and to pursue his doctorate on the job at Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University. In 2006 he obtained his doctorate in clinical surgery. In 1999, he was sent to the United States by China Fund for Overseas Studies as a visiting scholar at Johns Hopkins University. He has accumulated solid theoretical knowledge and practical experience in general surgery during his more than 10 years of clinical work. He has participated in many major operations such as donor liver excision, donor liver trimming, and recipient liver transplantation, and has mastered the diagnosis and management of various post-transplant complications and accumulated rich experience in the management of critically ill patients in the peri-operative period of transplantation.[43]
SH1RMYY021 Deng Guilong
Title: Deputy chief physician of General Surgery
Personal profile: He received his Ph.D. degree in Surgery from Zhejiang University in 2004, and conducted his postdoctoral research in liver transplantation at the Liver Transplantation Unit of the First People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao TongUniversity in 2004. During the postdoctoral period, he was mainly engaged in the research of prevention of hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation, and has his own unique experience and opinion. He has accumulated rich experience in liver transplantation and perioperative management.[44]
SH1RMYY022 Qi Xiaosheng
Title: Attending physician at General Surgery
Personal profile: Graduated from the Second Military Medical University in July 2003 with a doctorate degree in surgery. He worked in the kidney transplantation clinic for many years. In July 2003, he joined the postdoctoral station of the Organ Transplantation Center of Shanghai General Hospital, and his research interest is distant kidney dysfunction in the perioperative period of liver transplantation and postoperative period. He has been working in the hospital since June 2005. He has participated in hundreds of liver retrieval, liver repair and liver transplantation procedures. He is familiar with the perioperative management of liver transplantation and combined liver and kidney transplantation patients, and is good at the diagnosis and treatment of common post-transplantation complications, such as kidney failure, biliary complications, rejection reactions, infections, etc. He has also accumulated rich experience in the long-term follow-up of post-operative patients, adjustment of immunosuppression protocols and protection of liver and kidney functions. [45]
SH1RMYY023 Li Tao
Title: Attending Physician at General Surgery
Personal profile: Currently, he is mainly engaged in research in liver transplantation and clinical management experience of liver transplant patients.[46]
SH1RMYY024 Wang Shu-Yun
Title: Attending physician at General Surgery
Personal profile: He enrolled in 7-year program at the Medical School of Fudan University in 1995, and started working in the general surgery department of the First People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University after graduation. He was at the time the secretary of the liver transplantation group of Shanghai Organ Transplantation Medical Center. He was admitted to the doctoral program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 2004, and continued to work in the hospital after graduation in 2007. He specializes in perioperative management of liver transplantation, rescue and management of critical cases in ICU. He is responsible for matters related to liver tissue biopsy and pathological analysis after liver transplantation. [47]
SH1RMYY025 Huang Li
Title: Attending physician at General Surgery
Personal profile: He enrolled in the Department of Clinical Medicine of Shanghai Medical University in 1995, and received his medical bachelor's degree in 2000. In the same year, he was admitted to Fudan University School of Medicine (formerly Shanghai Medical University) as a postgraduate in surgery under the supervision of Professor Peng Zhihai, and studied for his master's degree in 2000 through 2002 and Ph.D 2002 through 2005. During the postgraduate period, he was mainly engaged in clinical skills training in general surgery and liver transplantation. He has been working in the liver transplantation ward of the First People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University since July 2005.[48]
SH1RMYY026 Zhang Jinyan
Title: Attending physician of General Surgery
Personal profile: Graduated from Xiangya Medical College of Central South University in 2001 with a Bachelor's degree in Clinical Medicine. In the same year, he was admitted to the university for postgraduate research in transplantation and received his doctorate in medicine from Xiangya Medical School of Central South University in 2006.In 2004, he was awarded a German scholarship to work in the transplantation department of ESSEN University Hospital in Germany, where he conducted clinical research related to living donor liver transplantation. In October 2006, he returned to China and started working at the post-doctoral station of liver transplantation at the First People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao TongUniversity. He is engaged in clinical and basic research in liver transplantation under the supervision of Professor Peng Zhihai[49].
SH1RMYY027 Fan Junwei
Title: Deputy chief physician of General Surgery
Personal profile: He received his master's degree in surgery from Xi'an Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in July 2002 and his doctorate in surgery from Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in 2008. He started working in the school after graduation. He has participated in many liver retrieval, liver repair and liver transplantation operations as well as patient perioperative management.[50]
SH1RMYY028 Peng Wen
Title: Head nurse of Liver Transplantation Ward, Department of General Surgery (13F)
Personal profile：Since graduating from Shanghai General Hospital Nursing School in 1985, she has been engaged in clinical nursing work. She has been the head nurse of the general surgery department for more than 10 years, and concurrently the head nurse of the liver transplantation ward since the establishment of the liver transplantation nursing team in 2001.[51]
SH1RMYY029 Qiu Zhengjun
Titles: Chief physician of General Surgery, professor, and director of General Surgery.
Personal profile: A Wenzhou Medical College graduate, Qiu graduated from Shanghai Medical University Graduate School in July 1993 with a doctorate in surgery, and stayed in Shanghai General Hospital to work in General Surgery after graduation.
He has successfully performed more than 160 cases of liver transplantation, combined liver-kidney transplantation and combined pancreas-kidney transplantation. He specializes in liver transplantation. [52]
SH1RMYY030 Liu Yan
Title: Chief physician of Ophthalmology; head of Ophthalmic Surface Diseases Group, Shanghai General Hospital; head of Corneal Transplantation, Shanghai Organ Transplantation Clinical Medical Center
Personal profile: He received his doctorate degree in clinical ophthalmology in 1998. He specializes in corneal limbal stem cell and conjunctival transplantation, scleral transplantation, and combined cataract, glaucoma, and botanical corneal transplantation. [53]
SH1RMYY031 Sheng Minjie
Title: Chief physician of Ophthalmology
Personal profile：Since 1974, Sheng has been a physician, attending physician, deputy chief physician and chief physician in the Ophthalmology Department of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital. Sheng has been studying corneal transplantation and artificial cornea under Professor Zheng Yiren, and is currently the head of the Corneal Disease Group of the Shanghai Medical Society. Sheng has been seeing patients in the Special Needs Clinic of Shanghai General Hospital since 2002. Sheng specializes in ophthalmic corneal transplantation.[54]
SH1RMYY032 Chen Jiawei
Titles: Chief physician, professor, and director of Pathology Department
Personal profile: Chen graduated from the Medical Department of Harbin Medical University in 1982. During 1996-1997, Chen went to the University of Pittsburgh, USA, for transplantation pathology training. Chen is especially good at the pathological diagnosis and differential diagnosis of heart transplantation, liver transplantation, kidney transplantation and small intestine transplantation rejection. [55]
Reference
[1]Brief introduction of Shanghai General Hospital affiliated with the School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
http://web.archive.org/web/20201119003417/https://www.shsmu.edu.cn/ylfw…
[2]Brief introduction of Shanghai Organ Transplantation Clinical Medical Center (Affiliated Shanghai General Hospital) of the School of Medicine of Shanghai Jiao Tong University
http://www.shsmu.edu.cn/default.php?mod=article&do=detail&tid=869374
Link to WOIPFG files:
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/47.pdf
[3]Overview of Shanghai Organ Transplantation Clinical Medical Center of Shanghai General Hospital
http://www.firsthospital.cn/Content/Detail/c179/d87
Link to WOIPFG files:
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/680.png
[4]Overview of Shanghai Organ Transplantation Clinical Medical Center of Shanghai General Hospital
http://www.firsthospital.cn/Content/Detail/c179/d87
Link to WOIPFG files:
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/680.png
[5]Baike.com: Shangdong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital
http://www.baike.com/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8D%83%E4%BD%9B%E5%B1%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2
Link to WOIPFG files:
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/sites/default/files/report/2016/64700_06280…
[6]People’s.com.cn: Tan Jianming’s Story
http://health.people.com.cn/n/2014/0604/c385611-25104541.html
Link to WOIPFG files:
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/172.png
[7]BLOODY HARVEST
Revised Report into Allegations of Organ Harvesting of
Falun Gong Practitioners in China by David Matas and Hon. David Kilgour. Esq. February 25, 2007 Page 5 http://organharvestinvestigation.net/report0701/report20070131-ch.pdf
[8]General Surgery Center of Shanghai General Hospital
http://www.firsthospital.cn/Content/Detail/c179/d61
Link to WOIPFG files:
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/sites/default/files/report/2016/64700_06280…
[9] WOIPFG-issued Name List of Medical Staff at Non-military Medical Institutions in Shanghai Suspected of Harvesting Living Falun Gong Practitioners Date: December 22, 2014
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/45769#_Toc404902983
[10]People’s.com.cn: Tan Jianming’s Story
http://health.people.com.cn/n/2014/0604/c385611-25104541.html
Link to WOIPFG files:
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/172.png
[11] BLOODY HARVEST
Revised Report into Allegations of Organ Harvesting of
Falun Gong Practitioners in China by David Matas and Hon. David Kilgour. Esq. February 25, 2007 Page 5 http://organharvestinvestigation.net/report0701/report20070131-ch.pdf
[12]People’s.com.cn: Tan Jianming’s Story
http://health.people.com.cn/n/2014/0604/c385611-25104541.html
Link to WOIPFG files:
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/media/2019/0712/SC60.pdf
[13] Baike.baidu.com: Peng Zhihai, director of Shanghai Organ Transplantation Center
http://baike.baidu.com/view/1805045.htm
[14]WOIPFG Report on Investigation of Ongoing Organ Harvesting of Living Falun Gong Practitioners by the Chinese Communist Regime Time of Investigation: July 2016 to June 2017
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/72524
[15]Urology Center of Shanghai General Hospital
http://www.firsthospital.cn/Content/Detail/c179/d114
Link to WOIPFG files:
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/sites/default/files/report/2016/64700_06281…
[16] Urology Center of Shanghai General Hospital
http://www.firsthospital.cn/Content/Detail/c179/d114
Link to WOIPFG files:
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/sites/default/files/report/2016/64700_06281…
[17]General Surgery of Shanghai General Hospital
http://www.firsthospital.cn/Content/Detail/c179/d61
Link to WOIPFG files:
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/sites/default/files/report/2016/64700_06280…
[18]China Organ Transplant Network: Introduction to the Liver Transplant Center of Shanghai General Hospital, Date: March 1, 2011
http://www.transplantation.org.cn/ZShanghai ShiDiYiRenMinYiYuanKuaiXun/2011-03/5457.htm
Link to WOIPFG files:
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/sites/default/files/report/2016/64700_06281…
[19]Department of Organ Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
http://www.cdyfy.com/ksjs/ksjs.asp?kscode1=0208（网络版无此链接）
Link to WOIPFG files:
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/266.png
[20]Department of Organ Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
http://www.cdyfy.com/ksjs/ksjs.asp?kscode1=0208
Link to WOIPFG files:
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/266.png
[21] Collection of Evidence on the Chinese Communist Party's Organ Harvesting of Living Falun Gong Practitioners
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/46728#_Toc366574833
[22] Baike.baidu.com: https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%BD%AD%E5%BF%97%E6%B5%B7
Link to WOIPFG files: http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/media/2019/0712/SC29.pdf
[23]People’s.com.cn: Tan Jianming’s Story
http://health.people.com.cn/n/2014/0604/c385611-25104541.html
Link to WOIPFG files:
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/172.png
[24]Baike.baidu.com: Peng Zhihai, director of Shanghai Organ Transplantation Center
http://baike.baidu.com/view/1805045.htm
[25] Profile of Zhang Xianyou at Shanghai General Hospital
http://www.firsthospital.cn/Content/Doctor/14627
https://web.archive.org/web/20150313044505/http://www.firsthospital.cn/…
[26] Profile of Qiu Jianxin at Shanghai General Hospital
http://www.firsthospital.cn/Content/Doctor/14626
https://web.archive.org/web/20150313044703/http://www.firsthospital.cn/…
[27]Profile of Fan Yu at Shanghai General Hospital
http://www.firsthospital.cn/Content/Doctor/14623
https://web.archive.org/web/20150313044738/http://www.firsthospital.cn/…
[28]Profile of Shen Bing at Shanghai General Hospital
http://www.firsthospital.cn/Content/Doctor/14734
https://web.archive.org/web/20150313044648/http://www.firsthospital.cn/…
[29]Profile of Qin Yan at Shanghai General Hospital
http://www.firsthospital.cn/Content/Doctor/14733
https://web.archive.org/web/20150313044826/http://www.firsthospital.cn/…
[30] Profile of Liu Zhihong at Shanghai General Hospital
http://www.firsthospital.cn/Content/Doctor/14735
https://web.archive.org/web/20150313044708/http://www.firsthospital.cn/…
[31]Profile of Xu Dongliang on Good Doctor Online
http://www.haodf.com/doctor/DE4r0BCkuHzdeCpNjsVkFGpEHP0h6.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20140403005826/http://www.haodf.com/doctor/…
[32] Profile of Guo Yifeng at Shanghai General Hospital
http://www.firsthospital.cn/Content/Doctor/14731
https://web.archive.org/web/20140419200008/http://www.firsthospital.cn/…
[33] Profile of Liu Yong at Shanghai General Hospital
http://www.firsthospital.cn/Content/Doctor/14732
https://web.archive.org/web/20140419200003/http://www.firsthospital.cn/…
[34] Yynet.org: Tang Xiaoda with Urology of Shanghai General Hospital
http://tangxd.u.yynet.cn/intro.php
https://web.archive.org/web/20140419200004/http://tangxd.u.yynet.cn/int…
[35] Profile of Ling Guiming at Shanghai General Hospital
http://www.firsthospital.cn/Content/Doctor/7685
https://web.archive.org/web/20150313044745/http://www.firsthospital.cn/…
[36] Profile of Chen Guoqing at Shanghai General Hospital
http://www.firsthospital.cn/Content/Doctor/11534
https://web.archive.org/web/20130317092631/http://www.firsthospital.cn/…
[37] China Organ Transplantation Network Date：November 8, 2007 Liver Transplantation Team of Shanghai General Hospital Source: Shanghai General Hospital
http://www.transplantation.org.cn/ZShanghai ShiDiYiRenMinYiYuanZhuanJiaTuanDui/2007-11/2161.htm
[38] Profile of Xu Junming on Good Doctor Online
http://shengming.haodf.com/doctor/DE4r0BCkuHzduxORZYMhoLSNZn1O5.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20171230063407/http://shengming.haodf.com/d…
[39] Profile of Zhong Lin on Good Doctor Online
http://haodf.health.sohu.com/doctor/DE4r08xQdKSLVKoMTOLYsexE0YC8.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20171230063923/http://haodf.health.sohu.com…
[40] China Organ Transplantation Network: Zhong Lin, liver transplant specialist, chief physician, and Master’s degree advisor
http://www.transplantation.org.cn/show.aspx?id=6032&cid=216
https://web.archive.org/web/20171230064026/http://www.transplantation.o…
[41] China Organ Transplantation Network (Date: February 22, 2012): Xing Tonghai, liver transplant specialist, associate chief physician
http://www.transplantation.org.cn/show.aspx?id=6041&cid=216
[42] Yynet.cn: Profile of Zhou Guangwen
http://zhougw.u.yynet.cn/intro.php
https://web.archive.org/web/20171230065649/http://zhougw.u.yynet.cn/int…
[43] China Organ Transplantation Network (Date: March 1, 2011): Sun Xing, liver transplant specialist, associate chief physician
http://www.transplantation.org.cn/show.aspx?id=5463&cid=216
https://web.archive.org/web/20171230070214/http://www.transplantation.o…
[44]China Organ Transplantation Network Date：November 8, 2007 Liver Transplantation Team of Shanghai General Hospital Source: Shanghai General Hospital
http://www.transplantation.org.cn/show.aspx?id=2161&cid=216
https://web.archive.org/web/20171230070602/http://www.transplantation.o…
[45]China Organ Transplantation Network Date：November 8, 2007 Liver Transplantation Team of Shanghai General Hospital Source: Shanghai General Hospital
http://www.transplantation.org.cn/show.aspx?id=2161&cid=216
https://web.archive.org/web/20171230070602/http://www.transplantation.o…
[46]China Organ Transplantation Network Date：November 8, 2007 Liver Transplantation Team of Shanghai General Hospital Source: Shanghai General Hospital
http://www.transplantation.org.cn/show.aspx?id=2161&cid=216
https://web.archive.org/web/20171230070602/http://www.transplantation.o…
[47]China Organ Transplantation Network Date：November 8, 2007 Liver Transplantation Team of Shanghai General Hospital Source: Shanghai General Hospital
http://www.transplantation.org.cn/show.aspx?id=2161&cid=216
https://web.archive.org/web/20171230070602/http://www.transplantation.o…
[48]China Organ Transplantation Network Date：November 8, 2007 Liver Transplantation Team of Shanghai General Hospital Source: Shanghai General Hospital
http://www.transplantation.org.cn/show.aspx?id=2161&cid=216
https://web.archive.org/web/20171230070602/http://www.transplantation.o…
[49]China Organ Transplantation Network Date：November 8, 2007 Liver Transplantation Team of Shanghai General Hospital Source: Shanghai General Hospital
http://www.transplantation.org.cn/show.aspx?id=2161&cid=216
https://web.archive.org/web/20171230070602/http://www.transplantation.o…
[50]China Organ Transplantation Network Date：November 8, 2007 Liver Transplantation Team of Shanghai General Hospital Source: Shanghai General Hospital
http://www.transplantation.org.cn/show.aspx?id=2161&cid=216
https://web.archive.org/web/20171230070602/http://www.transplantation.o…
[51] China Organ Transplantation Network Date：November 8, 2007 Liver Transplantation Team of Shanghai General Hospital Source: Shanghai General Hospital
http://www.transplantation.org.cn/show.aspx?id=2161&cid=216
https://web.archive.org/web/20171230070602/http://www.transplantation.o…
[52]Profile of Dr. Qiu Zhengjun on Good Doctor Online
http://www.haodf.com/doctor/DE4r08xQdKSLBDWeyfCGGbOLh9BQ.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20140403052436/http://www.haodf.com/doctor/…
[53]Shanghai General Hospital: Profile of Liu Yan
http://www.firsthospital.cn/Content/Doctor/9391
https://web.archive.org/web/20131002062739/http://www.firsthospital.cn/…
[54]Yynet.cn: Profile of Dr. Sheng Minjie
http://shengmj.u.yynet.cn/intro.php
https://web.archive.org/web/20140419195808/http://shengmj.u.yynet.cn/in…
[55]Profile of Dr. Chen Jiawei on Good Doctor Online
http://www.haodf.com/doctor/DE4r08xQdKSLBDlFkgzM21bXlzuR.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20150403230248/http://www.haodf.com/doctor/…
